Hemostatic state augmented with platelet indices among Sudanese diabetic septic foot

Diabetes mellitus is a very rampant metabolic disorder, particularly type II. It has many complications such as the septic foot. Diabetic septic foot (DSF) patients are at high risk for coagulation abnormalities as well as surgical hazards. Owing to the potential sequelae of coagulation and vascular abnormalities, this work aimed at studying the hemostatic state and platelet indices in diabetes type II patients with septic foot.

A case-control study was conducted during the period from July to September 2017 at Dr. Awaad medical center, Red Sea State, Sudan. 57 diabetic patients with septic foot, aged between 17 and 78 years along with 57 non-diabetic subjects as control were enrolled. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Venipuncture blood was taken with necessary safety measures. Diabetes profile, coagulation studies as well as platelet indices were estimated. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 for windows. Ethical approval was considered and written consent from each participant was obtained.

The mean age of diabetic patients with septic foot and healthy controls were 48.49 ± 15.8 and 32.77 ± 14.0, respectively. The duration of the diabetes onset was 10.43 ± 9.5 years. Plasma prothrombin time (PT) value (12.61 ± 2.6 vs 13.67 ± 1.5, P < 0.009) was found to be significantly shorter in DSF compared to control. Plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) value was significant in diabetic septic foot (32.64 ± 5.2 vs 28.49 ± 4.13, P < 0.000), and thrombin time (TT) did not changed in DSF. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) values were significantly decreased in DSF compared to control (P < 0.013, 0.034, and 0.020, respectively). PDW values were positively correlated with PT, APTT, and D-Dimer (DD) (r = 0.28/p < 0.003, r = 0.29/p < 0.029, and r = 0.32/p < 0.016, respectively). FVIII activity (121.86 ± 174.4 vs 98.66 ± 31.83, P < 0.951) was insignificant with DSF, as the DD was also insignificant (P < 0.081).

Diabetes mellitus is associated with prothrombotic tendency. Hypercoagulable state in DSF is indicated by shortened PT finding. PDW is a manifesting evidence that proves the presence of more reactive and aggregable platelets in DSF patients.