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Related Concept Videos

Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
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Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System01:25

Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System

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The male reproductive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to produce and transport sperm. The epididymis, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra are the accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation. These ducts play a critical role in the production and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

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Male Fertility Preservation.

J Abram McBride1, Larry I Lipshultz2

  • 1Division of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6624 Fannin St, Suite 1700, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Current Urology Reports
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cancer treatments can impact male fertility. Sperm cryopreservation before treatment offers the best chance for future fatherhood. Newer options like stem cell preservation are emerging.

Keywords:
Male cancer treatmentMale fertility preservationOncofertilitySperm cryopreservation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer survivorship is increasing due to improved treatments.
  • Understanding fertility preservation is crucial for cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of cancer and its treatment on male fertility.
  • To discuss sperm cryopreservation, retrieval methods, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.
  • To explore experimental fertility preservation options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent data on cancer therapies and fertility outcomes.
  • Analysis of assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.
  • Discussion of emerging fertility preservation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Cancer and its treatments significantly affect spermatogenesis.
  • Sperm cryopreservation is the most effective pre-treatment fertility insurance.
  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) can restore fertility post-treatment.
  • Cryopreserved testicular stem cells offer future fertility possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Fertility preservation is essential for cancer survivors.
  • Sperm cryopreservation remains the gold standard for pre-treatment fertility preservation.
  • Emerging technologies like stem cell preservation show promise for future fertility restoration.