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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
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Asymmetry in cilia configuration induces hydrodynamic phase locking.
Keiji Okumura1, Seiya Nishikawa1, Toshihiro Omori2
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
Physical Review. E
|May 20, 2018
Summary
Microscopic biological synchronization, like that of nodal cilia, can be achieved through hydrodynamic interactions. Variations in cilia shape and arrangement influence phase locking, revealing the role of biological diversity in synchronization.
Area of Science:
- Biophysics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Microscopic Biological Systems
Background:
- Biological synchronization is crucial for cellular functions.
- Nodal cilia are microscopic rotating biological structures.
- Hydrodynamic interactions play a role in synchronizing microscopic objects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate hydrodynamic synchronization between rotating nodal cilia.
- To model the synchronization of three cilia with variations in shape and arrangement.
- To understand the impact of biological variation on synchronization.
Main Methods:
- Developed a mechanical model for three rotating cilia.
- Conducted numerical estimations of near-field and far-field hydrodynamic interactions.
- Applied averaging methods for weakly coupled oscillators.
Main Results:
- Nonidentical cilia exhibited stable phase differences around ±π/2.
- Identical cilia in triangular arrangements (except equilateral) also showed phase locking.
- Asymmetric interactions were observed due to shape and geometric variations.
Conclusions:
- Hydrodynamic interactions drive synchronization in microscopic systems like cilia.
- Biological variation in cilia shape and arrangement influences synchronization patterns.
- Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending biological coordination.
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