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The Effects of Urbanization on Ground-Water Quality - A Case Study
Craig Eisena1, Mary P Anderson1
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. (Currently Hydrogeologist for USAID with the Government of Kenya, P.O. Box 30261, Nairobi, Kenya.)Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
Ground Water
|May 20, 2018
Summary
Urbanization significantly impacts groundwater quality, increasing chloride and sulfate levels. Contamination in Milwaukee
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Hydrogeology
- Water Quality Analysis
Background:
- Urbanization is a known factor altering natural water chemistry.
- Previous research suggests chloride and sulfate are key indicators of urban impact on groundwater.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess groundwater quality in the vicinity of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
- To identify the primary chemical alterations in groundwater due to urbanization.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a 1 1/2-year study of groundwater quality.
- Analyzed groundwater samples from the Menomonee River Watershed.
- Collected field data to infer contamination sources.
Main Results:
- Groundwater samples showed elevated chloride and sulfate concentrations.
- High levels of ammonium and fecal bacteria (coliform, streptococci) were detected.
- Evidence suggests contamination from polluted surface water infiltration and sewer leakage.
Conclusions:
- Chloride and sulfate are principal indicators of urban impact on groundwater.
- Municipal and industrial wastes are significant sources of groundwater contamination.
- Road salt contributes to increased chloride levels in groundwater.
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