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Aberrant working memory processing in major depression: evidence from multivoxel pattern classification.

Matti Gärtner1,2, M Elisabetta Ghisu3,4, Milan Scheidegger5

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients show increased brain activity in working memory (WM) regions, suggesting greater effort is needed. Reduced default-mode network (DMN) deactivation may indicate difficulties suppressing irrelevant information.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with significant working memory (WM) impairments.
  • Neuroimaging studies on MDD and WM show inconsistent findings regarding brain activity.
  • The role of WM processing aberrations in the cognition-emotion dysregulation of MDD is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activity patterns in MDD patients versus healthy controls during a WM task.
  • To clarify whether MDD patients exhibit hyper- or hypoactivity in WM-related brain regions.
  • To explore the contribution of WM processing to cognition-emotion interactions in MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a multivoxel pattern classification approach to fMRI data.
  • Analyzed brain activity in large samples of MDD patients (N=57) and healthy controls (N=61).
  • Utilized a WM task involving positive, negative, and neutral stimuli, with region of interest (ROI) analyses.

Main Results:

  • Functional activation patterns distinguished MDD patients from controls with high accuracy.
  • MDD patients showed increased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during WM.
  • Reduced deactivation was observed in default-mode network (DMN) regions for MDD patients.
  • No performance differences were found between groups.

Conclusions:

  • MDD patients exert more effort (higher brain activity) to achieve similar task performance.
  • Difficulty suppressing task-irrelevant information, indicated by DMN alterations, may contribute to MDD.
  • WM processing aberrations, particularly with negative/neutral stimuli, are implicated in MDD's cognition-emotion dysregulation.