Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: Promising molecular tools in dentistry

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Dental Research
• Microbiology

Background:

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is increasingly utilized in dentistry for both diagnosis and research.
• PCR offers high sensitivity and specificity for detecting, identifying, and quantifying microorganisms.
• It aids in understanding mechanisms of dental and periodontal diseases by analyzing genetic and immune markers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnostic applications of PCR in various dental fields.
• To highlight PCR's role in periodontology, endodontic infections, and implant-related issues.
• To discuss the integration of advanced molecular technologies like next-generation sequencing in dentistry.

Main Methods:

• Literature review using PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
• Analysis of studies on PCR applications in periodontology, endodontics, and implantology.
• Examination of research on immune/inflammatory markers and genetic polymorphisms.

Main Results:

• PCR is a precise, efficient, and rapid method for microbial detection and quantification in dental infections.
• It enables accurate identification of genetic polymorphisms and immune/inflammatory markers linked to dental diseases.
• Advanced techniques like next-generation sequencing and microarrays are also emerging in dental diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• PCR is a valuable molecular diagnostic technique in dentistry, particularly for infectious and inflammatory conditions.
• Its application extends to understanding disease mechanisms and identifying individual predispositions.
• Emerging technologies promise further advancements in dental molecular diagnostics.