Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
07:19
Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
Published on: July 29, 2021
2.8K
Water decontamination containing nitrate using biosorption with Moringa oleifera in dynamic mode
Rebecca Manesco Paixão1, Isabela Maria Reck2, Raquel Guttierres Gomes3
1Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil.
Summary
Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds effectively remove nitrate from water using biosorption. Optimal conditions include low pH, low flow rate, and high nitrate concentration, achieving 91.09% removal.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Water Treatment
Background:
- Nitrate contamination in aqueous solutions poses environmental and health risks.
- Biosorption offers a sustainable method for removing pollutants from water.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds for nitrate biosorption.
- To determine optimal conditions for nitrate removal using batch and fixed-bed column processes.
Main Methods:
- Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to assess MO seed performance.
- Fixed-bed column studies were performed under varying conditions (pH, flow rate, concentration).
- Statistical analysis was used to identify key parameters influencing biosorption capacity.
Main Results:
- Optimal biosorption in batch mode occurred at pH 3 with 0.05 g of MO seeds.
- In dynamic mode, lower pH, lower feed flow rate, and higher initial nitrate concentration increased maximum bed capacity.
- The best experimental conditions (pH 3, 1 mL/min flow rate, 100 mg/L nitrate) yielded 91.09% removal and 7.69 mg/g capacity.
Conclusions:
- Moringa oleifera seeds are a feasible and effective biosorbent for nitrate removal.
- Optimized conditions significantly enhance nitrate biosorption efficiency in aqueous solutions.
- This study demonstrates a sustainable approach to mitigating nitrate pollution.
Related Concept Videos
01:07What is a Mode?
26.5K
The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
26.5K
01:20Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
8.6K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
8.6K
01:16Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
1.7K
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
1.7K
01:14Ventilatory Modes
1.6K
Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
1.6K
01:03Modes of Standing Waves - I
4.1K
A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
4.1K
01:04Modes of Standing Waves: II
1.8K
The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
1.8K