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Rhabdoviruses as vaccine platforms for infectious disease and cancer

Franz Zemp1,2, Jahanara Rajwani1,2,3, Douglas J Mahoney1,2,4,3

  • 1a Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Calgary , Canada.

Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews
|May 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Rhabdoviridae viruses, like recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV), show promise as vaccine vectors. Their safety and genetic adaptability make them suitable for developing vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The Rhabdoviridae family comprises diverse RNA viruses.
  • Several Rhabdoviridae members are explored as live-attenuated vaccine vectors.
  • Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV) and recombinant Maraba Virus are key examples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological and genetic features of Rhabdoviridae that make them attractive vaccine platforms.
  • To discuss the development and testing of rVSV and rMaraba strains as vaccine vectors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Rhabdoviridae as vaccine vectors.
  • Discussion of preclinical and clinical trial data for rVSV and rMaraba platforms.
  • Analysis of safety, immunogenicity, and genetic malleability of these viral vectors.

Main Results:

  • Rhabdoviridae possess favorable safety profiles, strong immunogenicity, and genetic flexibility for vaccine development.
  • rVSV is under preclinical development for various infectious diseases and in clinical trials for HIV/AIDS and Ebola.
  • The rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine demonstrated success during the Ebola outbreak, highlighting its potential.
  • rVSV and rMaraba platforms are being investigated as oncolytic cancer vaccines in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Rhabdoviridae, particularly rVSV and rMaraba, are highly promising vaccine platforms.
  • These vectors offer potential for both infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Ongoing research continues to validate their therapeutic applications.
Keywords:
Rhabdoviruscancerinfectious diseasevaccinesvesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)

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