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The developmental-genetics of canalization.

Benedikt Hallgrimsson¹, Rebecca M Green¹, David C Katz¹

¹Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

|May 22, 2018

Summary

Canalization, a biological robustness to genetic or environmental changes, is crucial for complex organisms but its developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding canalization is vital for evolutionary biology, disease genetics, and agriculture.

Keywords:

Canalization Epistasis Genotype-phenotype maps Nonlinearity Robustness

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Evolutionary Genetics

Background:

Canalization, or robustness to perturbations, is fundamental in complex organisms.
Evidence suggests canalization is an evolved trait varying among genotypes, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To review major theories on the developmental-genetic basis of canalization.
To explore the implications of canalization for evolutionary biology and disease genetics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on canalization.
Analysis of two main theoretical frameworks: specific molecular mechanisms vs. general developmental robustness.

Main Results:

Two primary explanations for canalization exist: specific evolved molecular mechanisms and general features of development.
These explanations are not mutually exclusive and may overlap.
General explanations often involve emergent developmental features, while specific mechanisms are less emphasized.

Conclusions:

Understanding canalization requires integrating quantitative genetics and developmental biology.
Further research is needed to mechanistically understand canalization and its role in evolvability and heritability.