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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
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Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

15.5K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
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Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

14.8K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
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Related Experiment Video

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Seawater Sampling and Collection
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Seawater Sampling and Collection

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Performance of OncoE6 cervical test with collection methods enabling self-sampling.

Amrei Krings1, Anna M Dückelmann1, Lutz Moser2

  • 1Clinic for Gynecology CCM/CBF, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

BMC Women'S Health
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The OncoE6™ Cervical Test accurately detects high-grade cervical lesions using Human Papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins. This rapid test, compatible with self-collected samples, offers potential for decentralized cervical cancer screening in underserved populations.

Keywords:
Cervical cancer screeningHPV testingLow-resourceOncoprotein testingSelf-collection

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Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
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Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
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Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cervical cancer screening is shifting from cytology to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing.
  • The OncoE6™ Cervical Test detects HPV16/18 E6 oncoproteins, aiding in high-grade cervical lesion detection.
  • This technology may enable decentralized screening for hard-to-reach populations if compatible with self-collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To technically validate the OncoE6™ Cervical Test using various sample types.
  • To assess the feasibility of using self-collected samples for HPV oncoprotein detection.
  • To evaluate the potential of rapid oncoprotein testing for cervical cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Cervicovaginal lavages were collected from 20 patients with confirmed HPV16+ or HPV18+ invasive cervical cancer.
  • Samples included lavages, polyester-tipped swabs, and cytobrushes, all tested with the OncoE6 Test.
  • Cytobrush samples underwent additional HPV genotyping via GP5+/6+ PCR for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The OncoE6 Test showed concordant results in 18 out of 20 samples across lavage, swab, and cytobrush methods.
  • HPV types detected by the OncoE6 Test corresponded with HPV genotyping results.
  • One sample was missed due to a rare E6 antibody binding site mutation, and another had low cellularity.

Conclusions:

  • Vaginal lavages are technically suitable for the OncoE6 Test.
  • Combining self-sampling with rapid oncoprotein testing can identify women at high risk for severe dysplasia or cancer.
  • This approach may improve secondary cancer prevention in areas with limited screening access.