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Related Concept Videos

Harmonic Mean01:09

Harmonic Mean

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The arithmetic mean is usually skewed towards the larger values in the data set. Therefore, to avoid this inherent bias towards smaller values, the harmonic mean is used.
Take the example of the speed of a car, which is the measure of the rate of distance traveled. If the vehicle traverses the same distance back-and-forth, its average speed equals the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. However, if the car moves with varying speeds, then the arithmetic mean is more skewed...
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Electric Generator: Alternator01:25

Electric Generator: Alternator

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Electric generators induce an emf by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. A simple alternator is an AC generator that creates electrical energy that varies sinusoidally with time. A simple alternator consists of a conducting loop that is placed inside a uniform magnetic field. The loop is connected to split rings connected to the external circuit with the help of brushes.
The magnetic flux passing through the coil varies sinusoidally as the loop rotates inside the magnetic field. This...
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Simple Harmonic Motion01:21

Simple Harmonic Motion

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Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
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Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion01:23

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

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To determine the energy of a simple harmonic oscillator, consider all the forms of energy it can have during its simple harmonic motion. According to Hooke's Law, the energy stored during the compression/stretching of a string in a simple harmonic oscillator is potential energy. As the simple harmonic oscillator has no dissipative forces, it also possesses kinetic energy. In the presence of conservative forces, both energies can interconvert during oscillation, but the total energy remains...
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Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion01:17

Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion

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The key characteristic of the simple harmonic motion is that the acceleration of the system and, therefore, the net force are proportional to the displacement and act in the opposite direction to the displacement. Additionally, the period and frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator are independent of its amplitude. For example, diving boards move faster or slower based on their thickness. A stiff, thick diving board has a large force constant, which causes it to have a smaller period, while a...
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Problem Solving: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion01:17

Problem Solving: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

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Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion in time and position, in which an object oscillates back and forth around an equilibrium position with a constant amplitude and frequency. In SHM, there is a continuous exchange between the potential and kinetic energy, which results in the oscillation of the object.
Consider the spring in a shock absorber of a car. The spring attached to the wheel executes simple harmonic motion while the car is moving on a bumpy road. The force on the...
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Broadband, electrically tunable third-harmonic generation in graphene.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Optical harmonic generation requires high-intensity light interacting with nonlinear materials.
  • Electrical control of nonlinear optical responses is crucial for advanced photonic devices.
  • Graphene exhibits strong light-matter interactions and tunable nonlinear optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and enhance third-harmonic generation (THG) efficiency in graphene.
  • To explore the role of Fermi energy and incident photon energy in THG.
  • To demonstrate electrically tunable broadband frequency conversion using graphene.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-intensity light sources to interact with graphene samples.
  • Controlled graphene's Fermi energy via electrical gating.
  • Investigated the influence of incident photon energy on third-harmonic generation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an almost two-orders-of-magnitude increase in THG efficiency in graphene.
  • Identified logarithmic resonances in nonlinear conductivity due to multiphoton transitions.
  • Demonstrated gate-tunable THG enhancement over an ultrabroad bandwidth.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties enable significant enhancement of optical harmonic generation.
  • Electrically tunable THG in graphene opens avenues for broadband frequency converters.
  • Applications in optical communications and signal processing are facilitated by this advancement.