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Related Concept Videos

Frequency of Spring-Mass System01:17

Frequency of Spring-Mass System

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One interesting characteristic of the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of an object attached to a spring is that the angular frequency, and the period and frequency of the motion, depend only on the mass and the force constant of the spring, and not on other factors such as the amplitude of the motion or initial conditions. We can use the equations of motion and Newton's second law to find the angular frequency, frequency, and period.
Consider a block on a spring on a frictionless surface. There...
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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An oesophageal spring.

Elisabetta Calamelli1, Tomasso Gargano2, Sandra Brusa1

  • 11 Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, Imola (BO), Italy.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oesophageal foreign bodies (OFBs) are a common emergency in children, often missed due to delayed diagnosis. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications from these hidden obstructions.

Keywords:
Coughdysphagiainfantoesophageal foreign bodyoesophagoscopyrespiratory symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Oesophageal foreign bodies (OFBs) represent a frequent pediatric emergency.
  • Delayed diagnosis of OFBs, often due to unwitnessed ingestion, leads to significant morbidity and mortality.

Observation:

  • An 11-month-old infant presented with symptoms mimicking a respiratory infection.
  • The infant developed worsening cough, dysphagia, vomiting, and drooling, indicative of an occult OFB.

Findings:

  • A metallic spring was identified as the oesophageal foreign body.
  • The case illustrates a complex clinical course due to the initially occult nature of the OFB.

Implications:

  • Highlights the critical need for prompt recognition of occult OFBs in infants.
  • Emphasizes that rapid diagnosis and intervention are vital to prevent irreversible complications.