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Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, shaping both how others perceive individuals and how they view themselves. This dynamic process influences behaviors in various social settings, often leading people to adjust their appearance, speech, and demeanor to align with their desired identity. While self-presentation can be deliberate or unconscious, it plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships and self-perception.Forms of Self-PresentationSelf-presentation can...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation01:12

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Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
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Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

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Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

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Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Variant myopia: A new presentation?

Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen1, Mithra Anand2, Viswanathan Sivaraman3

  • 1Srimathi Sundari Subramanian, Department of Visual Psychophysics, Elite School of Optometry; Binocular Vision Clinic, Sankara Nethralaya, Units of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Variant myopia (VM) involves a refractive error discrepancy without accommodative issues. VM patients exhibit thinner choroids, suggesting a structural basis for this condition.

Keywords:
Autorefractorcycloplegic refractionmyopiaretinoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Variant myopia (VM) is defined by a significant refractive error discrepancy (>1 diopter) between subjective and objective measurements.
  • This discrepancy occurs without any underlying accommodative dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive clinical profile of variant myopia.
  • To investigate the ocular characteristics associated with VM.

Main Methods:

  • Included 14 eyes of 12 VM patients and 14 age-matched controls.
  • Evaluated retinoscopy, autorefraction, subjective acceptance, choroidal/retinal thickness, ocular biometry, and higher-order aberrations.
  • Measurements were taken under both cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were found between retinoscopy and autorefraction/subjective acceptance in VM eyes.
  • VM eyes demonstrated statistically thinner choroids compared to non-VM eyes and controls.
  • No significant differences in higher-order aberrations or spherical aberrations were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Accommodative dysfunction is not the cause of refractive discrepancy in VM.
  • Thinner choroidal thickness is a key characteristic of the affected eye in variant myopia.
  • Findings suggest a structural etiology for variant myopia, impacting clinical management strategies.