Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

65.6K
In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
65.6K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.3K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.3K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.3K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.3K
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

65.3K
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
65.3K
Position of Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions02:05

Position of Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions

15.2K
In any solution, the value of pKa indicates whether an acid is completely dissociated or not. A negative pKa corresponds to a stronger acid, whereas a positive pKa corresponds to a weaker acid. Consider the reaction between ammonia and an ethoxide ion. In this reaction, ethanol with a pKa of 15.9 is a stronger acid than ammonia with a pKa of 38. Recall that the strong acid forms a weak conjugate base, and a weak acid forms a strong conjugate base. Hence, the ethoxide ion is a weak base.
15.2K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.3K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CDK1 Phosphorylates KAT8 at Ser348 to Stabilize the MSL Complex and Promote H4K16 Acetylation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Cells·2026
Same author

The impact of transactive memory systems on innovation performance in undergraduate teams.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

RGB-D Perception-Enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM: A Robust Framework for Mapping Underground Spaces.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same author

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Propylparaben in the Freshwater Snail <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>: Effects on Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Histopathology.

Toxics·2026
Same author

BDSet: A First-ever BDS Satellite-based PPP Augmentation Dataset Since 2023.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Transforming the treatment of Alpha-Thalassemia: a single-center retrospective study on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in transfusion-dependent pediatric patients.

Annals of hematology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
05:54

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

2.3K

Real-time precise point positioning-based zenith tropospheric delay for precipitation forecasting.

Qingzhi Zhao1, Yibin Yao2, Wanqiang Yao3

  • 1College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China. zhaoqingzhia@163.com.

Scientific Reports
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Real-time GPS Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimation is now feasible using online data. A novel method uses ZTD slope for effective precipitation nowcasting, aiding short-term weather alarms.

More Related Videos

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
15:04

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

8.4K
Cell-Based Electrical Impedance Platform to Evaluate Zika Virus Inhibitors in Real Time
05:49

Cell-Based Electrical Impedance Platform to Evaluate Zika Virus Inhibitors in Real Time

Published on: March 24, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
05:54

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

2.3K
Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
15:04

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

8.4K
Cell-Based Electrical Impedance Platform to Evaluate Zika Virus Inhibitors in Real Time
05:49

Cell-Based Electrical Impedance Platform to Evaluate Zika Virus Inhibitors in Real Time

Published on: March 24, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Geodesy
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Traditional GPS-based Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimation relies on post-processed data with significant latency.
  • This latency hinders real-time applications like weather nowcasting.
  • The International GNSS Service (IGS) Real-Time Pilot Project (RTPP) now provides online real-time satellite products, overcoming this limitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate GPS-derived ZTD estimation using both final and real-time satellite products.
  • To develop and propose a precipitation forecasting method based on ZTD time series analysis.
  • To assess the utility of ZTD slope for assisted short-term weather forecasting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized independently developed Precise Point Positioning (PPP) software for ZTD estimation.
  • Analyzed a full year of GPS-derived ZTD data using least-square fitting of broken line tendency.
  • Developed a precipitation forecasting model based on the ZTD slope during its ascending period.

Main Results:

  • GPS-derived ZTD estimation was successfully evaluated using both IGS final and real-time satellite products.
  • The analysis revealed a correlation between ZTD slope and rainfall records.
  • The proposed method demonstrated usefulness for assisted precipitation forecasting, particularly for short-term alarms.

Conclusions:

  • Real-time GPS-derived ZTD estimation is achievable and cost-effective.
  • The ZTD slope analysis provides a valuable tool for precipitation nowcasting.
  • This method offers potential for improving short-term weather alert systems.