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Gestational dyslipidaemia and adverse birthweight outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

J Wang1,2, D Moore2, A Subramanian2

  • 1Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|May 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Maternal high triglycerides and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol during pregnancy are linked to increased birthweight and macrosomia. This association is stronger in overweight or obese women, highlighting potential risks of gestational dyslipidaemia.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Low and high birthweight are associated with increased risks of stillbirth, infant mortality, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Gestational dyslipidaemia (abnormal blood lipid levels during pregnancy) has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, but evidence regarding birthweight is inconsistent.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to reliably inform clinical practice and treatment recommendations for gestational dyslipidaemia concerning birthweight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal gestational dyslipidaemia and neonatal health outcomes.
  • Specifically examined associations with neonatal birthweight, metabolic factors, and inflammatory parameters.
  • Aimed to clarify inconsistencies in existing literature regarding maternal lipids and birthweight.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library up to August 2016, with an update in July 2017.
  • Included longitudinal studies assessing the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes up to 3 years old.
  • Conducted a meta-analysis of data from 46 publications involving 31,402 pregnancies.

Main Results:

  • Maternal high triglycerides and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels during pregnancy were associated with increased birthweight.
  • These lipid profiles were linked to a higher risk of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia, and a lower risk of small for gestational age (SGA).
  • The associations were consistent across populations, with stronger effects observed in women who were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Intrauterine exposure to maternal dyslipidaemia may have under-recognized adverse effects on neonatal birthweight.
  • Further investigation is warranted in large prospective cohorts or randomized trials.
  • Findings suggest a need to consider maternal lipid profiles in managing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birthweightdyslipidaemiameta-analysistriglycerides

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