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[Epilepsy: incidens, prevalens and causes].

Lars Forsgren1, Heléne Sundelin2, Olafur Sveinsson3

  • 1Umea universitet Institutionen for farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap - Neurocentrum/Neurologi Umea, Sweden Umea universitet Institutionen for farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap - Neurocentrum/Neurologi Umea, Sweden.

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|May 23, 2018
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Summary

Epilepsy impacts all ages, with highest incidence in young children and the elderly. While 70% achieve seizure freedom, epilepsy increases mortality and comorbidity risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epilepsy affects all age groups, with peak incidence in infants and the elderly.
  • Sweden sees 4500-5000 new epilepsy cases annually, with 60000-70000 active cases.
  • Lifetime risk for epilepsy by age 85 is 4-5%, affecting approximately 1 in 25 individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the epidemiology and classification of epilepsy.
  • To highlight the prognosis and associated risks of epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data from North America and Europe, including Nordic countries.
  • Application of the new epilepsy classification system categorizing etiology into structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune, and unknown causes.

Main Results:

  • The majority (70%) of individuals with epilepsy achieve seizure freedom.
  • Epilepsy is associated with increased risks of psychosocial issues, accidents, and comorbidities (somatic, psychiatric, neuropsychiatric).
  • Mortality risk is up to 3-fold higher, primarily due to underlying causes and epilepsy-related deaths like SUDEP and status epilepticus.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy is a condition with significant public health implications, affecting a substantial portion of the population.
  • Effective management and understanding of epilepsy etiology are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality.
  • The classification system provides a framework for understanding diverse epilepsy causes and guiding research.