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Driving Comparisons Between Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development.

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Young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show greater driving variability, especially in early training. Licensed drivers with ASD perform similarly to peers, while unlicensed drivers face more challenges, suggesting tailored training approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics
  • Traffic Safety and Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with driving hesitancy due to safety concerns.
  • Limited research exists on simulated driving performance in young adults with ASD.
  • Understanding driving challenges can inform targeted interventions and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare simulated driving performance between young adults with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers.
  • To examine how driving experience (none, permit, licensed) influences performance in both groups.
  • To assess performance across varying levels of driving environment complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty young adults with ASD and 50 TD peers (ages 16-26) participated.
  • A virtual-reality driving simulator assessed performance in complex environments.
  • Multilevel linear modeling analyzed speed and lane variability by diagnostic group and experience.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with ASD exhibited greater speed and lane variability than controls, even in low-demand scenarios.
  • Driving experience moderated group differences: licensed drivers with ASD performed similarly to TD licensed drivers.
  • Unlicensed drivers with ASD showed more significant speed and lane management difficulties compared to TD unlicensed drivers.

Conclusions:

  • Young adults with ASD may face initial challenges in basic driving skills, particularly during early training.
  • Driving complexity exacerbates performance differences, highlighting the need for gradual driver training.
  • Future research should explore driving performance predictors, on-road assessments, and ASD-specific interventions.