Analysis of hepatitis B virus infection in blood sera using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

This study presents the analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in human blood serum using Raman spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition technique. In total, 119 confirmed samples of HBV infected sera, collected from Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) general hospital have been used for the current analysis. The differences between normal and HBV infected samples have been evaluated using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. SVM model with two different kernels i.e. polynomial function and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) have been investigated for the classification of normal blood sera from HBV infected sera based on Raman spectral features. Furthermore, the performance of the model with each kernel function has also been analyzed with two different implementations of optimization problem i.e. Quadratic programming and least square. 5-fold cross validation method has been used for the evaluation of the model. In the current study, best classification performance has been achieved for polynomial kernel of order-2. A diagnostic accuracy of about 98% with the precision of 97%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% has been achieved under these conditions.