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Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...

Types of Surveys

Types of Surveys

Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...

Survey Safety

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Survey on deep learning for radiotherapy.

Philippe Meyer¹, Vincent Noblet², Christophe Mazzara¹

¹Department of Medical Physics, Paul Strauss Center, Strasbourg, France.

Computers in Biology and Medicine

|May 23, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning, can significantly improve radiotherapy for cancer patients. This review explores current applications and future potential of these technologies in radiation oncology.

Keywords:

Convolutional networks Deep-learning Radiotherapy

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Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

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Published on: July 3, 2014

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A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data

A Virtual Machine Platform for Non-Computer Professionals for Using Deep Learning to Classify Biological Sequences of Metagenomic Data

Published on: September 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Computer Science
Oncology

Background:

Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment, involving complex planning and delivery.
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), offers advanced solutions for medical applications.
DL is a rapidly advancing subset of machine learning with significant potential in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of deep learning concepts and network architectures relevant to radiotherapy.
To review existing literature on deep learning applications in radiotherapy.
To identify potential future directions for DL in radiation oncology.

Main Methods:

Explanation of deep learning principles and machine learning context.
Presentation of common neural network architectures, focusing on convolutional neural networks.
Systematic review and categorization of published DL methods in radiotherapy based on patient workflow.

Main Results:

Deep learning methods have been successfully applied across various stages of the radiotherapy workflow.
Applications span from treatment planning to delivery and outcome prediction.
Seven distinct categories of DL applications within the radiotherapy patient journey were identified.

Conclusions:

Deep learning holds significant promise for enhancing radiotherapy planning and delivery.
The review highlights current applications and suggests avenues for future research and development.
Encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration between radiotherapy and deep learning experts is crucial for innovation.