Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

52.5K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
52.5K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

4.9K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.9K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.5K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
48.5K
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

25.3K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
25.3K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

26.4K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
26.4K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.6K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ketamine for negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: the evidence so far.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Electric-Field-Tunable Spin-Orbit Gap in a Bilayer Graphene/WSe<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dot.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Opioid prescribing patterns in trauma patients: assessing the impact of injury and treatment factors.

ANZ journal of surgery·2025
Same author

Multiscale Imaging to Monitor Functional SHED-Supported Engineered Vessels.

Journal of dental research·2024
Same author

Dermatology-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil and folinic acid with or without panitumumab (Pmab) maintenance after FOLFOX + Pmab induction: a prespecified secondary analysis of the phase II randomized PanaMa (AIO KRK 0212) trial.

ESMO open·2024
Same author

Determinants of beta-lactam PK/PD target attainment in critically ill patients: A single center retrospective study.

Journal of critical care·2024
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

10.5K

Freeform characterization based on nanostructured diffraction gratings.

M Bichra, T Meinecke, P Fesser

    Applied Optics
    |May 24, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an advanced sensor for characterizing reflected wavefronts from freeform optics. The novel setup uses uni-axial illumination and a nanostructured silicon grating to improve measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio.

    More Related Videos

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.7K
    Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
    08:40

    Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

    Published on: May 15, 2018

    10.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

    Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
    06:43

    Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

    Published on: July 18, 2014

    10.5K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.7K
    Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
    08:40

    Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

    Published on: May 15, 2018

    10.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Metrology
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • In-line characterization of freeform optical elements during production is difficult.
    • Previous work presented a sensor for transmission wavefront characterization using a common-path interferometer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an advanced sensor setup for measuring wavefronts generated by freeform elements in reflection.
    • To overcome challenges associated with uni-axial illumination, stray light, and back reflections.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel common-path interferometer for reflected wavefront measurement.
    • Implementation of uni-axial illumination to simplify the optical setup.
    • Utilization of a highly absorbing amplitude grating based on nanostructured silicon to mitigate stray light and back reflections.
    • Adaptation of diffractive components and Fourier filtering for numerical post-processing.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of an experimentally realized measurement system for reflected wavefronts.
    • Successful mitigation of stray light and back reflections using the nanostructured silicon grating.
    • Comparison of the developed sensor's performance against a commercial Shack-Hartmann sensor.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed advanced sensor setup enables effective in-line characterization of freeform optical elements in reflection.
    • The use of nanostructured silicon gratings is crucial for maintaining signal-to-noise ratio in uni-axial reflection measurements.
    • The developed system offers a viable alternative to existing metrology solutions for freeform optics.