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Stokes polarimeter performance: general noise model and analysis.

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    This study introduces a method to compare polarimeter performance under mixed Poisson-Gaussian noise, considering optical losses and detector efficiency. Instruments optimized for Gaussian noise also perform optimally under Poisson noise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Instrumentation
    • Photometry

    Background:

    • Polarimeters are crucial for measuring light polarization.
    • Accurate performance evaluation requires considering realistic noise conditions.
    • Existing models often simplify noise distributions, limiting instrument comparison.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a quantitative framework for comparing polarimeter performance under general noise.
    • To analyze the impact of optical losses and detector quantum efficiency.
    • To evaluate common polarimeter designs under mixed Poisson-Gaussian noise.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculation of photometric Stokes parameter covariance matrices and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
    • Inclusion of optical losses and detector quantum efficiency in the measurement model.
    • Comparison of diattenuator-based polarimeter configurations.

    Main Results:

    • A method for comparing polarimeters with varying photometric efficiencies is established.
    • The performance of Azzam's and Kudenov's polarimeters was quantitatively assessed.
    • Instruments optimized for Gaussian noise demonstrate optimal performance under Poisson noise.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed framework enables robust, quantitative comparison of polarimeter designs.
    • The findings suggest that optimization for Gaussian noise is broadly applicable.
    • This work advances the design and selection of polarimetric instruments.