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Accessory Muscles of the Extremities
Filip M Vanhoenacker1,2,3, Julie Desimpel1,2, Marc Mespreuve2,3
1Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|May 24, 2018
Summary
Accessory muscles in limbs are common but often missed incidental findings. Awareness and imaging analysis are key to identifying these variations, which can mimic tumors or cause pain.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Radiology
- Musculoskeletal System
Background:
- Accessory muscles and variations are frequent in the extremities.
- They are often asymptomatic incidental findings on imaging.
- These variations can mimic soft tissue tumors or cause neurovascular impingement and exercise-related pain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of common accessory muscles in the upper and lower limbs.
- To discuss their potential pathogenic nature.
- To highlight the importance of anatomical knowledge and imaging analysis for accurate identification.
Main Methods:
- Review of anatomical literature on accessory muscles.
- Discussion of imaging characteristics on ultrasound and MRI.
- Emphasis on systematic imaging analysis for diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Accessory muscles exhibit similar echotexture on ultrasound and signal intensity on MRI as normal muscles.
- MRI without fat suppression best depicts accessory muscles due to contrast with intermuscular fat.
- Knowledge of anatomy and imaging findings aids in correct identification.
Conclusions:
- Accessory muscles are common and can be pathologically significant.
- Radiologists and clinicians must be aware of these variations.
- Systematic imaging review is crucial for differentiating accessory muscles from other pathologies.
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