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First grade classroom-level adversity: Associations with teaching practices, academic skills, and executive
Tashia Abry1, Kristen L Granger1, Crystal I Bryce1
1T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics.
Summary
Classroom adversity impacts student learning and executive function through teaching methods. Interventions supporting classroom management and foundational skills can benefit students in high-adversity settings.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Educational Psychology
- Sociology of Education
Background:
- Classroom-level adversity (CLA) can significantly impact student development.
- Understanding the interplay between adversity, teaching practices, and student outcomes is crucial for educational interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine direct and indirect associations between first-grade CLA, teaching practices, and student academic skills and executive functioning.
- To investigate longitudinal effects of CLA and teaching practices on student outcomes in first and third grades.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.
- Employed a model-building approach analyzing data from 1,073 students.
- Assessed CLA via teacher reports, teaching practices through classroom observations, and student academic skills and executive functioning via standardized assessments.
Main Results:
- CLA showed direct associations with teaching practices (positive with controlling instruction, negative with classroom management and academic instruction).
- CLA was directly and indirectly related to first-grade literacy, and indirectly to math, via teaching practices.
- Longitudinal analyses revealed a negative direct association between CLA and third-grade executive functioning, with indirect effects on third-grade literacy and math through first-grade teaching practices.
Conclusions:
- Collective student characteristics influence outcomes partly through teaching practices.
- Diffusing high-adversity classroom compositions may benefit teachers and students.
- Targeted support for classroom management and foundational competencies is beneficial in high-adversity classrooms.
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