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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Experimental Approaches to Tissue Engineering
Published on: August 30, 2007
Engineering approaches of smart, bio-inspired vesicles for biomedical applications
Tanishq Abraham1,2, Michelle Mao1,2, Cheemeng Tan1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, United States of America.
None:
Advances in materials engineering have allowed for the development of sophisticated and controlled drug delivery through vesicles. Smart vesicles, capable of sensing single stimulus or multiple stimuli, can be engineered to process specific environmental signals to produce a tailored response. Exhibiting multifunctionality and theranostic abilities, they are a promising platform for new therapeutic methods. Here, we discuss smartness in the context of biosensing vesicles, followed by the various components required to develop a smart vesicle and the design considerations regarding engineering approaches of each. We then focus on biomedical applications of the vesicles in disease treatment and biosensing.
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