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Pulsar emission amplified and resolved by plasma lensing in an eclipsing binary.

Robert Main1,2,3, I-Sheng Yang4,5, Victor Chan6

  • 1Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. main@astro.utoronto.ca.

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Radio pulsars act as cosmic lenses, allowing astronomers to resolve their emission regions. Extreme plasma lensing events in the black widow pulsar B1957+20 reveal details about pulsar emission and support theories for fast radio bursts.

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Area of Science:

  • * Astrophysics
  • * Radio Astronomy
  • * Plasma Physics

Background:

  • * Radio pulsars exhibit scintillation due to propagation through the ionized interstellar medium.
  • * Interstellar scintillation regions can function as 'interstellar lenses' for localizing pulsar emission.
  • * Previous studies resolved emission components only marginally, limiting inferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate extreme plasma lensing events in the black widow pulsar (B1957+20).
  • * To utilize these lensing events for high-resolution imaging of pulsar emission regions.
  • * To explore the implications for understanding fast radio bursts (FRBs).

Main Methods:

  • * Observations of the black widow pulsar B1957+20 during orbital eclipse phases.
  • * Analysis of radio flux enhancements during extreme plasma lensing events.
  • * Characterization of frequency-dependent structures imparted by lensing.

Main Results:

  • * Observed extreme plasma lensing events with radio flux enhancements up to 70-80 times.
  • * Resolved pulsar emission regions, distinguishing between the main pulse and interpulse.
  • * Inferred lens resolution comparable to the pulsar's radius (~10 km).
  • * Found frequency structures similar to those observed in FRB 121102.

Conclusions:

  • * Extreme plasma lensing in B1957+20 naturally arises from density fluctuations in the companion's outflow.
  • * The observed lensing provides strong evidence for the 'interstellar lens' model for FRBs.
  • * This study demonstrates the potential of plasma lensing for high-resolution pulsar astronomy.