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Related Concept Videos

Cell Diversity01:13

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The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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Chemistry of the Cell02:58

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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets
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Profiling human breast epithelial cells using single cell RNA sequencing identifies cell diversity.

Quy H Nguyen1, Nicholas Pervolarakis2, Kerrigan Blake2

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

Nature Communications
|May 26, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps human breast epithelial cell types using single-cell RNA sequencing. It reveals a continuous differentiation hierarchy from basal to secretory and hormone-responsive luminal cells, crucial for understanding breast cancer development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer originates from epithelial cells with genetic changes disrupting tissue balance.
  • The full spectrum of human breast epithelial cell heterogeneity and differentiation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile and classify human breast epithelial cell types and their differentiation pathways.
  • To establish a cellular blueprint of the healthy human breast epithelium.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell messenger RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was performed on 25,790 primary human breast epithelial cells.
  • Unbiased clustering analysis identified distinct cell populations.
  • Pseudotemporal reconstruction modeled differentiation trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct epithelial cell populations were identified: one basal and two luminal types (secretory L1 and hormone-responsive L2).
  • A continuous lineage hierarchy was reconstructed, linking basal cells to the two differentiated luminal branches.
  • A comprehensive cell atlas of the human breast epithelium was generated.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the cellular blueprint and differentiation hierarchy of the human breast epithelium.
  • This foundational atlas provides critical insights for understanding the origins of breast cancer.