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Updated: Feb 10, 2026
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
Published on: April 7, 2021
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Resource utilization patterns using non-invasive ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Thomas A Chavez1, Ashwini Lakshmanan2,3,4, Lizzette Figueroa1
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Summary
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) tripled from 1997-2012. NIV was linked to shorter hospital stays and lower costs compared to endotracheal intubation.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Critical Care
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common neonatal condition requiring respiratory support.
- Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and endotracheal intubation are primary methods for managing RDS.
- Understanding resource utilization for these interventions is crucial for healthcare management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of NIV and endotracheal intubation use in neonates with RDS.
- To compare resource utilization, including length of stay (LOS), charges, and costs, between neonates receiving NIV versus intubation for RDS.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of the national Kid's Inpatient Database (1997-2012).
- Inclusion of neonates diagnosed with RDS.
- Application of propensity scoring and multivariate regression for comparative analysis.
Main Results:
- RDS identified in 595,254 neonates out of over 42 million cases.
- NIV use increased from 6% to 17% between 1997 and 2012.
- NIV-only patients experienced shorter LOS (25 vs. 35 days), lower costs ($46.1k vs. $65.0k), and reduced charges ($130.3k vs. $192.1k) compared to intubated neonates.
Conclusions:
- A significant three-fold increase in NIV utilization for neonatal RDS over 15 years.
- NIV is associated with reduced length of stay, charges, and costs compared to endotracheal intubation in neonates with RDS.
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