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Detecting Test Tampering Using Item Response Theory.

James A Wollack1, Allan S Cohen2, Carol A Eckerly1

  • 1University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new erasure detection index (EDI) identifies test tampering by comparing observed wrong-to-right erasures to expected rates. This statistical method effectively detects fraudulent erasures in educational accountability testing.

Keywords:
ability purificationerasure detectionteacher cheatingtest tamperingwrong-to-right erasures

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Measurement
  • Psychometrics
  • Data Forensics

Background:

  • Test tampering, particularly in educational accountability, necessitates robust data forensic analyses.
  • Existing statistical methods for detecting fraudulent erasures often lack probabilistic interpretation.
  • Need for reliable tools to identify malfeasance in standardized testing environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel statistical index for detecting fraudulent erasures on tests.
  • To utilize item response theory for a more accurate assessment of erasure anomalies.
  • To evaluate the performance of the new index in identifying tampering.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the erasure detection index (EDI) based on item response theory.
  • Comparison of observed wrong-to-right erasures against chance-based expectations, adjusted for examinee ability and erasure count.
  • A simulation study was conducted to assess the Type I error rate and statistical power of EDI.

Main Results:

  • The EDI, with a continuity correction, demonstrated Type I error rates at or below nominal levels across all simulated conditions.
  • The index exhibited high statistical power in detecting even minor instances of tampering.
  • Tampering detection was most effective among students most likely to engage in such behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The developed erasure detection index (EDI) provides a statistically sound method for identifying test tampering.
  • EDI offers probabilistic insights into the likelihood of fraudulent erasures, addressing limitations of previous methods.
  • This tool is valuable for ensuring the integrity of educational accountability testing.