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Tests of Statistical Significance Made Sound.

Brian D Haig1

  • 1University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study critiques null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) in psychology, advocating for neo-Fisherian or error-statistical perspectives on tests of statistical significance (ToSS) for improved research practices.

Keywords:
null hypothesis significance testingphilosophy of statisticsstatistical pragmatismtests of statistical significancethe error-statistical perspectivethe neo-Fisherian perspective

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Statistics
  • Scientific Methodology

Background:

  • Psychology's understanding of tests of statistical significance (ToSS) is deficient.
  • Widespread, uncritical acceptance of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is a major problem.
  • NHST is an indefensible amalgam of Fisher's and Neyman-Pearson's ideas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the nature and place of ToSS in science, particularly psychology.
  • To propose alternative frameworks for understanding ToSS in psychological research.
  • To correct deficiencies stemming from the hybrid NHST approach.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of the historical development and conceptual underpinnings of ToSS.
  • Evaluation of Fisher's original account, Neyman-Pearson's alternative, and their hybrid (NHST).
  • Introduction and comparison of neo-Fisherian and error-statistical perspectives on ToSS.

Main Results:

  • NHST is a flawed hybrid, leading to a deficient understanding of ToSS in psychology.
  • Neo-Fisherian perspective improves on Fisher's account, rejecting key Neyman-Pearson elements.
  • Error-statistical perspective builds on both traditions, offering a stronger alternative to NHST.

Conclusions:

  • Neo-Fisherian and error-statistical perspectives represent significant improvements over NHST.
  • The error-statistical position is particularly recommended for psychological research.
  • ToSS can serve a valuable, albeit limited, role in psychological research when properly understood.