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Gender Differences in Withdrawing Infants.

Sarah Stevens1, Tyler Flaugher1, Kaitlynn Hughes1

  • 1Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.

Global Pediatric Health
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) shows gender differences in infants. Females experienced more autonomic nervous system symptoms, and head circumference varied at birth and discharge, indicating potential sex-based variations in NAS presentation.

Keywords:
abstinenceneonatalopioidparentspediatricwithdrawal

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
  • Pediatric Health
  • Gender Differences in Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a growing concern in neonatal care.
  • Understanding potential gender-based variations in NAS presentation is crucial for targeted treatment.
  • Previous research has not fully explored sex differences in NAS symptoms and physical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender disparities in infants diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
  • To compare withdrawal symptoms, physical characteristics, and treatment responses between male and female infants with NAS.
  • To identify potential sex-specific patterns in NAS development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of 97 infants diagnosed with NAS between April and December 2015.
  • Data collected included maternal demographics, infant withdrawal symptoms, growth parameters, and treatment details.
  • Infant data were analyzed based on gender (male vs. female) to identify significant differences.

Main Results:

  • No significant gender differences were observed in birth weight, length, or gestational age.
  • Female infants exhibited a higher percentage of autonomic nervous system symptoms compared to males.
  • Significant differences in head circumference were noted: females had larger head circumference at birth, while males had larger head circumference at discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-specific differences exist in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome presentation, including symptom profiles and physical characteristics.
  • Observed variations in head circumference and autonomic nervous system symptoms between male and female infants warrant further investigation.
  • These findings highlight the need for further research into the short- and long-term effects of antenatal drug exposure, considering potential sex-based differences.