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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
Published on: January 11, 2020
Technical note: A 3D-printed phantom for routine accuracy check of Gamma Knife Icon HDMM system
Chuan Wu1, Marlyn B Radevic2, Jennifer S Glass2
1Radiation Oncology, Sutter Medical Foundation, Roseville, CA, USA.
Purpose:
To report a novel 3D-printed device ("SH phantom") that is designed for routine accuracy check of the Gamma Knife Icon High Definition Motion Management (HDMM) system.
Methods:
SH phantom was designed using tinkerCAD software and printed on a commercial 3D printer. We evaluated the SH phantom on our Gamma Knife Icon unit regarding its usability and accuracy for routine HDMM QA.
Results:
Single-axis and multiple-axis measurements validated the SH phantom design and implementation. An HDMM QA accuracy of 0.22 mm or better along single axis was found using SH phantom.
Conclusions:
The SH phantom proved to be a quick and simple tool to use to perform the HDMM system QA. The SH phantom was tested successfully and adopted by us as part of monthly QA for the Gamma Knife Icon.
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