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Virginia Vadillo-Rodríguez1, Ana Isabel Guerra-García-Mora2, David Perera-Costa2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.

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Bacterial cells actively select adhesion sites on nanometer-scale textured surfaces, preferring corners. This surface topography significantly reduces bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomedical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Opportunistic Staphylococcus pathogens (S. epidermidis, S. aureus) cause biofilm infections on biomedical devices.
  • Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are critical for device-associated infections.
  • Surface topography is a key factor influencing bacterial-host interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of nanometer-scale roughness on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.
  • To determine how surface topography shapes bacterial settlement patterns.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of patterned surfaces in reducing Staphylococcus adhesion and biofilm.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatially organized micro/nanotopographic surface patterns.
  • Examined adhesion and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and S. aureus.
  • Analyzed bacterial cell positioning relative to surface feature geometry.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial cells preferentially adhere to convex walls and square corners of surface features, maximizing contact points.
  • All tested surface patterns significantly reduced bacterial adhesion (40-95%) and biofilm formation (22-58%).
  • Observed reductions were not attributable to physical constraints or increased surface hydrophobicity.

Conclusions:

  • Surface feature shape dictates initial bacterial cell location on textured surfaces.
  • Nanoscale surface roughness, potentially via interaction energies, controls bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.
  • Engineered nanotopography offers a promising strategy for preventing biofilm infections on biomedical devices.