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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Nanotechnology and materials science

    Background:

    • Achieving efficient lasing in compact devices is crucial for advanced optical applications.
    • Integrating multiple lasing mechanisms within a single device presents significant challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a single laser device capable of both distributed feedback (DFB) lasing and surface plasmon (SP) lasing.
    • To investigate the performance enhancement through the coupling of SP and waveguide modes in a novel multilayer structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a four-layer laser cavity using interference lithography and metal evaporation.
    • Incorporation of a hollow structure to mitigate Joule losses in metal films.
    • Characterization of the hybrid lasing behavior and threshold reduction.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of simultaneous DFB and SP lasing in a single device.
    • Significant reduction in lasing threshold due to coupled SP and waveguide modes.
    • Fabricated multilayer structure with a total thickness of 350 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed hybrid laser architecture effectively combines DFB and SP lasing mechanisms.
    • The coupling between SP modes and waveguide modes is key to achieving a lower lasing threshold.
    • This technology holds promise for applications in biosensors, all-optical circuits, and electrically pumped devices.