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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
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Prolonged partial obstruction during sleep is a NREM phenomenon.

Sari-Leena Himanen1, Lauri Martikkala2, Saramia Sulkamo3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|May 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) during sleep does not reduce deep sleep but alters its composition. Patients with PPO and OSA experience lighter NREM sleep, potentially impacting sleep

Keywords:
Breathing effortEmfitFlow limitationOSAPartial obstructionSleep EEGSleep-disordered breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) is frequently observed in sleep studies, often occurring during deep sleep stages.
  • The precise impact of PPO on sleep architecture and electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) on sleep architecture and EEG frequency.
  • To determine if PPO influences the amount and characteristics of deep sleep (N3) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • A polysomnography study was conducted on three groups: 15 OSA patients, 15 PPO+OSA patients, and 15 healthy controls.
  • Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) was identified using Emfit mattress signals.
  • Visual sleep parameters and median NREM sleep EEG frequencies were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in the total amount of deep sleep (N3) was found between PPO+OSA patients and healthy controls.
  • In PPO+OSA patients, deep sleep (N3) was predominantly characterized by PPO events.
  • PPO+OSA patients exhibited lighter NREM sleep across three specific brain regions (Fp2-A1, C4-A1, O1-A2) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) occurs during NREM sleep, particularly N3, indicating that upper airway obstruction can persist and alter deep sleep characteristics.
  • Despite having N3 sleep, PPO+OSA patients demonstrate lighter NREM sleep in certain EEG locations, suggesting a potential impairment in the restorative functions of sleep.