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Key operating parameters affecting nitrogen removal rate in single-stage deammonification.

Daehee Choi1, Sukhyun Cho1, Jinyoung Jung1

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.

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Summary

Optimizing sequencing batch reactor (SBR) deammonification involves managing carbon/nitrogen ratio and substrate concentration. Specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) activity, influenced by ammonium levels and granule size, is key for enhancing nitrogen removal rates (NRR).

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are utilized for deammonification, a biological process to remove nitrogen from wastewater.
  • Optimizing nitrogen removal rate (NRR) is crucial for efficient wastewater treatment.
  • Understanding the interplay between different microbial communities and operating parameters is essential for process enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate key operating parameters for improving the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) in SBR deammonification.
  • To evaluate the impact of coexisting deammonification and denitrification on NRR.
  • To determine the influence of substrate concentration and granule size on microbial activity and overall NRR.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated operating strategies including carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio control and sub-cycle optimization based on substrate concentration.
  • Monitored specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) activity (SAA) and ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity.
  • Analyzed the contribution of different granule sizes (<100 μm and >100 μm) to microbial activities and NRR.
  • Assessed the feasibility of using pH and oxygen production rate (OPR) derivatives as indirect control parameters.

Main Results:

  • Coexistence of deammonification and denitrification with a C/N ratio of 0.5 improved NRR from 0.5 to 0.53 kg N m⁻³ d⁻¹.
  • Increasing ammonium concentration post-sub-feeding phase from 20 to 100 mg L⁻¹ maximized SAA, boosting NRR to 0.79 kg N m⁻³ d⁻¹.
  • Granules >100 μm significantly contributed to SAA (83.8%), while smaller granules (<100 μm) were more active for AOB and denitrifiers (52.5%).
  • Derivatives of pH and OPR were validated as feasible indirect parameters for NRR control.

Conclusions:

  • Specific ANAMMOX activity (SAA) is a more critical parameter than AOB activity for controlling NRR in single-stage deammonification.
  • Optimizing ammonium concentration and considering granule size distribution are vital for enhancing deammonification efficiency in SBRs.
  • Indirect monitoring using pH and OPR derivatives offers a practical approach for real-time NRR control.