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Can physiological engineering/programming increase multi-generational thermal tolerance to extreme temperature

Kris L Sorby1, Mark P Green2, Tim D Dempster2

  • 1The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, School of BioSciences, VIC 3010, Australia ksorby@deakin.edu.au.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|May 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiological engineering with heat hardening did not increase upper thermal limits in brine shrimp (Artemia) but improved performance across generations. This approach may enhance resilience to extreme heat events.

Keywords:
ArtemiaClimate changeExtreme heat eventsInvertebratesPhenotypic engineeringThermal tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Global climate change is increasing extreme weather events, including high-temperature extremes.
  • Limited strategies exist to mitigate the impacts of acute heat stress on animal populations.
  • Physiological engineering offers potential avenues to enhance organismal resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of physiological engineering, specifically heat hardening combined with serotonin or methionine, in enhancing thermal tolerance in *Artemia*.
  • To assess both intra- and multi-generational effects of these treatments on thermal performance traits.
  • To determine if these interventions can improve population stability against extreme temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental *Artemia* populations were subjected to four treatments: heat hardening alone, heat hardening plus serotonin, heat hardening plus methionine, and a control.
  • Physiological regulators (serotonin and methionine) were administered at concentrations based on prior research.
  • Key thermal performance traits, including upper sublethal thermal limit, lethal limit, and dysregulation range, were measured over two generations.

Main Results:

  • No treatment significantly increased the upper thermal limit during acute heat stress.
  • Serotonin- and methionine-treated groups demonstrated superior performance across multiple thermal tolerance traits compared to controls.
  • Observable transgenerational effects of the treatments on thermal performance were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic engineering, particularly when combined with heat hardening, yields complex effects on thermal tolerance.
  • These interventions can modulate performance across multiple thermal tolerance traits, both within an individual and across generations.
  • The findings suggest potential for up-scaling these techniques to bolster the resilience of populations facing extreme temperature events.