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Damasio's error - Prosopagnosia with intact within-category object recognition.

Bruno Rossion1,2,3

  • 1CNRS, CRAN, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.

Journal of Neuropsychology
|May 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
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Prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, is often over-generalized. Research suggests its core deficit is specific to individual face recognition (IFR), not general object recognition.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Prosopagnosia, first reported 150 years ago and named 70 years ago, is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize individual faces.
  • The term 'prosopagnosia' has become imprecisely used, often encompassing difficulties in individual face recognition (IFR) within broader contexts of visual agnosia or even in healthy individuals.

Observation:

  • Current definitions of prosopagnosia support an account where IFR impairment reflects a general deficit in within-category object recognition.
  • Experimental studies on classical prosopagnosia cases reveal that the primary impairment is not in recognizing similar non-face objects.
  • The deficit is specifically for recognizing individual faces, and can be more severe with dissimilar distractors compared to similar ones.

Findings:

Keywords:
category specificityexpertiseindividual face recognitionprosopagnosiavisual agnosia

Related Experiment Videos

  • The core impairment in prosopagnosia is specific to recognizing individual faces, not a general object recognition deficit.
  • Individuals with prosopagnosia do not necessarily show impairments in recognizing other within-category objects.

Implications:

  • A more precise definition of prosopagnosia is needed, restricting it to neurological conditions without basic-level object recognition impairment.
  • A conservative definition will facilitate isolated study of human individual face recognition (IFR) processes.
  • This refined understanding can advance research into the nature of face recognition mechanisms.