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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Published on: June 24, 2025
Oral Cavity Reconstruction Outcomes Using a Porcine Urinary Bladder Matrix: A Retrospective Case Series
Jed H Assam1, William C Spanos1
1Sanford Research; Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD.
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to assess healing outcomes in full-thickness mucosal wounds following the use of a porcine urinary bladder matrix to augment mixed oral cavity repairs.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective chart analysis was conducted over a 58-month timespan. Participants included individuals with osteoradionecrosis. Descriptive measures obtained in the postoperative setting were used to examine wound healing outcomes.
Results:
Thirty-nine encounters with 35 patients met inclusion criteria for assessment. The mean defect size repaired was 14 cm2. Successful healing occurred in 64% of cases. Scarring was observed in 10 cases, and 3 cases demonstrated transient functional deficits. Reapplication of the xenograft was required in 4 cases. Only 1 acute event of hemorrhage and 1 infection were observed in the postoperative period.
Conclusions:
Use of porcine urinary bladder matrix grafts for oral cavity reconstruction was well tolerated in a diverse number of wound scenarios with a relatively low risk of postoperative complication. The use of porcine urinary bladder matrix was not observed to provide any noteworthy advantages for the healing of recalcitrant osteoradionecrosis wounds.
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