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Sex-based Differences in Common Sports Injuries
Cordelia W Carter1, Mary Lloyd Ireland, Anthony E Johnson
1From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT (Dr. Carter), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (Dr. Ireland), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX (Dr. Johnson), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr. Levine), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. Martin), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Dr. Bedi), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Dr. Matzkin).
Sex significantly impacts disease risk and experience, including musculoskeletal injuries. Understanding sex-based differences in sports injury incidence, presentation, and outcomes is crucial for optimizing patient care.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Sex Differences in Health
Background:
- Patient sex influences disease risk and experience.
- Musculoskeletal injuries are not exempt from sex-based variations.
- Evidence indicates sex-based differences in sports injury incidence, presentation, and treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of sex in musculoskeletal injury.
- To underscore sex-based differences in sports injuries.
- To emphasize the need for sex-specific considerations in patient care.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on sex-based differences in sports injuries.
- Analysis of clinical presentations and treatment outcomes stratified by sex.
- Identification of common sports injuries with known sex-based variations.
Main Results:
- Sex influences the risk, incidence, and clinical presentation of musculoskeletal injuries.
- Stress fractures, linked to the female athlete triad, exhibit known sex-based differences.
- Other common sports injuries also demonstrate distinct sex-based variations.
Conclusions:
- Sex is a critical factor in understanding and managing sports-related musculoskeletal injuries.
- Recognizing sex-based differences is essential for tailoring effective treatment strategies.
- Optimizing musculoskeletal care requires a sex-specific approach.
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