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Related Experiment Video

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Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
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Energetic evolution of cellular Transportomes.

Behrooz Darbani1, Douglas B Kell2,3, Irina Borodina4

  • 1The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.

BMC Genomics
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic cells evolved to use more energy-efficient transporters, shifting from costly ATP-dependent types to ion channels and carriers. This adaptation likely supported complex cellular functions in eukaryotes.

Keywords:
Cellular membraneEnergetic efficiencyEvolutionMitochondriaTransporters

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transporter proteins are crucial for moving substances across cell membranes.
  • Cellular transport processes are energy-intensive, consuming 20-60% of a cell's energy.
  • Hypothesized evolutionary pressure for more energy-efficient transporters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary reshaping of transportomes across bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
  • To identify shifts in transporter composition related to energy efficiency during the evolution of eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of transportome composition.
  • Comparative analysis across prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to identify potential mitochondrial origins.

Main Results:

  • The proportion of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters decreased significantly from bacteria/archaea (27%) to eukaryotes (5-13%).
  • Secondary transporters and ion channels increased in eukaryotes, with ion channels being prominent in animals (30%) and plants (13%).
  • Identified seven bacterial species as potential origins of eukaryotic mitochondria based on solute carrier homologues.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic transportomes evolved towards greater energetic efficiency by reducing ATP-dependent transporters.
  • The proliferation of ion channels and secondary transporters facilitated energetically demanding cellular functions in eukaryotes.
  • These transportome changes were critical for the development of complex eukaryotic life.