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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
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Modified chitosan-based bioactive material for antimicrobial application: Synthesis and characterization.

Elton Marks de Araújo Braz1, Solranny Carla Cavalcante Costa E Silva1, Durcilene Alves da Silva1

  • 1Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados - LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
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Modified chitosan exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli without toxicity to mammalian cells, offering promising biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Anhydride cytotoxicityAntimicrobial activityChemical modificationGrafted chitosan

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • The rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms necessitates novel antibacterial agents.
  • Chitosan, a natural polymer, possesses unique properties but requires modification to enhance its antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Amphiphilic modification of chitosan can improve electrostatic interactions with bacterial cell walls, boosting antimicrobial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the antimicrobial activity of chitosan through N-acylation with maleic anhydride.
  • To synthesize and characterize amphiphilic chitosan derivatives.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of the modified chitosan.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan was modified via N-acylation with maleic anhydride at varying molar ratios (1:2, 1:5, 1:10).
  • Chemical modification was confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR, thermal analysis, and XRD.
  • Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assays and hemolysis tests.

Main Results:

  • Successful chemical modification of chitosan was achieved, yielding amphiphilic derivatives.
  • The modified chitosan demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • No significant activity was observed against Leishmania amazonensis.
  • Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the absence of toxicity in mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • N-acylation of chitosan with maleic anhydride effectively enhances its antibacterial properties.
  • The synthesized chitosan derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial action with a favorable safety profile.
  • These modified chitosan compounds represent promising candidates for biomedical applications requiring antibacterial properties.