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Temporal orientation.

Sam J Maglio1, Yaacov Trope2

  • 1University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People orient their minds inward toward the present or outward toward the past/future. This mental time travel influences social, spatial, and probability distancing, impacting learning and behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Mental time orientation influences perception and decision-making.
  • Inward orientation focuses on the present; outward orientation extends to past/future.
  • This concept of distancing applies to time, social, spatial, and probability domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on broad forms of distancing.
  • To explore how mental time orientation affects social comparison and learning.
  • To discuss the role of future thought in present behavior and change.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent empirical findings.
  • Conceptual analysis of mental time orientation and distancing.
  • Synthesis of research on social learning and future-oriented behavior.

Main Results:

  • Mental time orientation (inward vs. outward) is a fundamental cognitive process.
  • Distancing mechanisms, driven by time orientation, influence social comparison and learning outcomes.
  • Future-oriented thought is crucial for understanding behavioral change.

Conclusions:

  • Mental time orientation provides a framework for understanding diverse psychological phenomena.
  • The concept of distancing offers insights into social learning and decision-making.
  • Future research should explore the interplay between future thought and present actions.