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    This study determined optimal experimental conditions for calibrating Mueller-matrix polarimeters. Retarder axis orientation errors must be smaller than retardation value errors for accurate eigenvalue calibration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Metrology
    • Polarimetry

    Background:

    • Mueller-matrix polarimetry is crucial for characterizing optical properties.
    • Accurate calibration is essential for reliable Mueller-matrix measurements.
    • Liquid-crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) are used in modern polarimeters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the experimental conditions required for successful eigenvalue calibration of LCVR-based Mueller-matrix polarimeters.
    • To quantify the maximum allowable experimental errors for accurate calibration.

    Main Methods:

    • A numerical study was conducted simulating a polarimeter with known errors.
    • The error between simulated and ideal Mueller matrices for four calibration samples was analyzed.
    • Maximum experimental errors were estimated based on the deviation from ideal matrices.

    Main Results:

    • The study established critical experimental tolerances for eigenvalue calibration.
    • It was found that the orientation of retarder axes is more sensitive to errors than the retardation values.
    • Specific maximum error thresholds were estimated for successful calibration.

    Conclusions:

    • Precise control over retarder axis orientation is paramount for accurate LCVR-based Mueller-matrix polarimeter calibration.
    • Understanding these error tolerances improves the reliability and precision of polarimetric measurements.
    • The findings provide practical guidance for experimental setup and calibration procedures.