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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
Published on: May 15, 2018
Graphene-metal hybrid metamaterials for strong and tunable circular dichroism generation
Abstract:
A strong and dynamically controlled circular dichroism (CD) effect has aroused great attention due to its desirable applications in modern chemistry and life sciences. In this Letter, we propose a graphene-metal hybrid chiral metamaterial to generate mid-infrared CD with an intensity of more than 10%, which can be actively controlled over a wide wavelength range. In addition to the strong tunability, the CD signal intensity of our nanostructure is drastically larger than that of the purely graphene-based chiroptical nanostructures. Our design offers a new strategy for developing tunable chiral metadevices, which could be used in various applications, such as biochemical detection and information processing.
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions
Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
Alkali Metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Hybrid Zones
Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

