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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Cell Size01:22

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
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What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
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B Cells and B Cell Blasts Withstand Cryopreservation While Retaining Their Functionality for Producing Antibody.

Philipp Fecher1,2, Richard Caspell3, Villian Naeem4

  • 1Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA. philipp-fecher@t-online.de.

Cells
|June 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) preserves B cell memory function. This breakthrough enables reliable, high-throughput immune monitoring of B cell immunity using frozen samples, overcoming previous limitations.

Keywords:
IgAIgDIgEIgG1IgG2IgG3IgG4IgMantibodiesantibody secretionantibody-secreting cellsfour color B cell ELISPOTfreeze-thawing PBMCimmune monitoringimmunoglobulin classes and subclassesimmunoglobulinsmultiplex immune assayplasma cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Humoral immunity relies on serum antibodies and long-lived memory B cells for sustained protection against antigens.
  • Serum antibody levels alone are insufficient indicators of long-term B cell memory.
  • Current immune monitoring is limited by the need for fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of cryopreserving PBMC for assessing B cell memory function.
  • To determine if cryopreserved memory B cells and B cell blasts retain antibody secretion capacity.
  • To enable regulated, high-throughput immune monitoring of B cell immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized protocols for freezing and thawing PBMC.
  • Four-color ImmunoSpot® analysis for simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin classes/subclasses.
  • Assessment of antibody secretion function in cryopreserved resting memory B cells and B cell blasts.

Main Results:

  • Cryopreservation and thawing of PBMC did not impair the antibody-secreting function of resting memory B cells.
  • B cell blasts in cryopreserved PBMC also retained their ability to secrete antibodies.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using cryopreserved PBMC for B cell immune monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Cryopreservation is a viable method for preserving B cell memory function in PBMC.
  • This facilitates standardized, high-throughput immune monitoring of B cell responses.
  • Overcomes the limitations of using only freshly isolated PBMC for immune assessment.