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Published on: April 23, 2013
Nanotechnology-based electrochemical detection strategies for hypertension markers
Sasya Madhurantakam1, K Jayanth Babu2, John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan2
1Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
Insights
Early hypertension detection using advanced biosensors is crucial for preventing organ damage. Monitoring multiple biochemical markers with novel sensor technologies offers a promising diagnostic approach.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Clinical Chemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Hypertension, a major contributor to metabolic syndrome, is a 'silent killer' with rising global incidence due to lifestyle changes.
- Traditional blood pressure measurement for hypertension diagnosis is often too late, leading to irreversible organ damage.
- Early detection via biochemical markers in body fluids is essential to mitigate hypertension-related complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in sensor technology for early hypertension detection.
- To highlight the importance of quantifying multiple biochemical markers for accurate diagnosis.
- To explore the potential of 'lab-on-a-chip' systems in hypertension management.
Main Methods:
- Review of current sensor technologies for detecting hypertension biomarkers.
- Analysis of improvements in sensitivity, response time, and selectivity of sensing elements.
- Discussion of the application of arrays and 'lab-on-a-chip' systems for hypertension diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Sensor technology has significantly improved diagnostic capabilities for hypertension markers.
- Quantification of multiple markers using advanced sensors enhances diagnostic accuracy.
- Emerging technologies offer potential for sensitive and selective detection of hypertension indicators.
Conclusions:
- Novel sensor technologies, including biosensors and 'lab-on-a-chip' systems, are vital for early hypertension detection.
- Monitoring multiple biochemical markers through advanced sensing strategies can lead to timely intervention.
- Continued evolution of sensor technology promises improved diagnostic tools for hypertension management.
Abstract:
Hypertension results due to dysfunction of different metabolic pathways leading to the increased risk of cerebral ischemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Hypertension has been considered a one of the major contributors to metabolic syndrome and is often referred to as a 'silent killer'. Its incidence is on the rise across the globe owing to the drastic life style changes. The diagnosis of hypertension had been traditionally carried out through measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure but in most cases, this form of diagnosis is too late and the disease has already caused organ damage. Therefore, early detection of hypertension by monitoring subtle changes in specific biochemical markers from body fluids can minimize the risk of organ damage. However, a single marker may be insufficient for accurate diagnosis of hypertension thereby necessitating quantification of multiple markers. Concerted efforts to identify key markers for hypertension and their quantification, especially using chemical and biosensors, are underway in different parts of the world. Constant evolution of the sensing elements and transduction strategies have contributed to significant improvements in the diagnosis field, especially in the context of sensitivity, response time and selectivity and this when applied to the detection of hypertension markers may prove beneficial. This review summarizes advances in the field of sensor technology towards the detection of biologically relevant entities, arrays and the next generation 'lab-on-a-chip' systems for hypertension.
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