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Adjustable viscoelasticity allows for efficient collective cell migration.

Elias H Barriga1, Roberto Mayor1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.

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|June 4, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell migration relies on tissue mechanics. This review explores how viscoelasticity in cell clusters and their environment controls collective cell migration for development and disease.

Keywords:
Adherens junctionsCancer invasionCollective migrationEMTMechanical microenvironmentViscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Cell migration is crucial for embryogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and cancer metastasis.
  • While chemical cues are well-studied, the role of mechanical cues, specifically tissue mechanics, in cell migration is emerging.
  • Collective cell migration requires cells to respond to both molecular and mechanical environmental signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of viscoelasticity in controlling collective cell migration.
  • To detail how viscoelasticity of migrating cell clusters and their surroundings is adjusted for proper biological processes.
  • To explore the interplay between environmental viscoelasticity and molecular changes within migrating cell clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on viscoelasticity in collective cell migration.
  • Analysis of studies on single and collective cell migration dynamics.
  • Examination of molecular and mechanical feedback mechanisms in cell migration.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic tuning of viscoelasticity within cell clusters and surrounding tissues is essential for efficient collective cell migration in vivo.
  • Environmental viscoelasticity can trigger molecular changes within migrating clusters.
  • These molecular changes, in turn, modify cluster viscoelasticity, enabling migration through complex microenvironments.

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelasticity is a key regulator of collective cell migration, impacting morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis.
  • The interaction between cellular and environmental viscoelastic properties is critical for successful migration.
  • Understanding these mechanical cues offers new insights into biological processes and disease progression.