Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.7K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
30.7K
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

10.8K
For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
10.8K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.4K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.4K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.8K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.0K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
18.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Semirandom DNA adducts regulate a filamentous defense-associated reverse transcriptase.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Systematic screening of archaeal MazF homologs reveals Tth-MazF1, a versatile, sequence-specific ribonuclease from Thermococcus thioreducens.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Type II Restriction of 2-Aminoadenosine (dZ)-Modified DNA and Production of dZ-Modified Plasmid in <i>E. coli</i>.

Viruses·2026
Same author

OLD amputates the anticodon arm of tRNAs during P2-Lambda interference.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Coronavirus NSP14 Drives Internal m <sup>7</sup> G Modification to Rewire Host Splicing and Promote Viral Replication.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Kinetic analysis and engineering of thermostable Cas12a for nucleic acid detection.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol PEG Precipitation
07:26

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol PEG Precipitation

Published on: May 1, 2011

65.7K

Enhancing Multistep DNA Processing by Solid-Phase Enzyme Catalysis on Polyethylene Glycol Coated Beads.

Shaohua Li1, Aihua Zhang1, Kelly Zatopek1

  • 1New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification of magnetic beads enhances the activity of immobilized DNA replication enzymes. This improvement aids in next-generation sequencing library construction, particularly for challenging AT-rich genomic regions.

More Related Videos

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

13.0K
Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol PEG Precipitation
07:26

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol PEG Precipitation

Published on: May 1, 2011

65.7K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

13.0K
Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Enzyme immobilization on solid supports offers advantages like reusability and stability but often leads to reduced activity.
  • Surface properties of supports can negatively impact enzyme conformation, accessibility, and performance.
  • Optimizing immobilized enzyme activity is crucial for efficient biocatalysis and molecular biology applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification on the activity of covalently immobilized DNA replication enzymes.
  • To assess the performance of PEG-modified immobilized enzymes in next-generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation.
  • To enhance enzyme activity and improve sequencing results, especially in difficult genomic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Covalent immobilization of DNA replication enzymes onto magnetic beads.
  • Surface modification of magnetic beads using flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties.
  • Kinetic studies to evaluate enzyme activity before and after PEG modification.
  • Application of PEG-modified immobilized enzymes in library construction for Illumina NGS.

Main Results:

  • PEG modification significantly improved the activity of covalently immobilized DNA replication enzymes compared to unmodified supports.
  • The enhanced enzyme activity translated to improved library construction for NGS.
  • Increased read coverage was observed across AT-rich regions in NGS libraries prepared with PEG-modified enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • Flexible PEGylation of solid supports is an effective strategy to enhance the activity of immobilized enzymes.
  • PEG-modified immobilized enzymes offer a viable solution for overcoming activity loss in enzyme immobilization.
  • This approach improves the efficiency of NGS library preparation, particularly for AT-rich genomic sequences.