UV–Vis Spectrometers
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview
IR Spectrometers
Mass Spectrometers
Contact Angle
Reflection of Waves
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Nanotopology of Cell Adhesion upon Variable-Angle Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy VA-TIRFM
Published on: October 2, 2012
J W Stubbing1, T L Salter1, W A Brown1
1Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom.
We developed a new spectrometer to measure the optical properties of ice films under space-like conditions. This instrument accurately determined the refractive index and thickness of amorphous benzene ice relevant for astrophysics.
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