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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.6K

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Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
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Prospect for a 60 GHz multicharged ECR ion source.

T Thuillier1, D Bondoux1, J Angot1

  • 1LPSC, Grenoble Institute of Engineering (INP), CNRS-IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hybrid electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source design uses room temperature copper coils for the hexapole and superconducting coils for the axial magnetic mirror. This approach enables further study of ECR plasma physics and intense multicharged ion beam production.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Accelerator Technology
  • Ion Source Development

Background:

  • Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources are crucial for producing intense ion beams.
  • Advancements in ECR technology are needed for higher charge states and beam intensities.
  • Superconducting hexapoles at 60 GHz present significant technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a conceptual design for a fourth-generation hybrid ECR ion source.
  • To investigate the feasibility of using room-temperature (RT) copper coils for the hexapole.
  • To enable further studies in ECR plasma physics and multicharged ion beam production and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a hybrid magnetic confinement system using Nb3Sn superconducting coils for axial mirrors and RT copper coils for the hexapole.
  • Utilizing polyhelix technology for the RT hexapole coil.
  • Detailed design of the ECR plasma chamber with specific dimensions and magnetic field parameters.

Main Results:

  • The proposed design features an ECR plasma chamber with an inner radius of 94 mm and a length of 500 mm.
  • Achieved radial magnetic intensity of 4.1 T at the chamber wall.
  • Characteristic axial mirror peaks of 8 T and 4.5 T, with a minimum of 1.45 T.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid ECR ion source design offers a viable alternative to all-superconducting systems at 60 GHz.
  • This design facilitates advanced research into ECR plasma physics and ion beam generation.
  • The use of RT copper hexapole coils is a practical evolution for next-generation ECR ion sources.